Project Two: Unitrans Bicycle Rack Design

Introduction

Your team will be tasked with developing a design to meet a hypothetical need for Unitrans, the public transportation system in Davis. Davis is known as the "Bicycle Capital of the United States" and Unitrans finally wants to figure out how to carry bicycles on their buses like many other transit authorities in the country [1]. Your team's job will be to develop a detailed mechanical design for a dual bicycle rack that is mounted to the front of a typical Unitrans bus. The design will have to meet a number of constraints and have a variety of features, all while being safe, easy to operate, easy to maintain, and be cost effective.

[1]In actuality, most cities that have high bicycle and high transit usage discourage bringing bicycles on public transit because there simply isn't room. Davis is likely in this camp.

Educational Objectives

Project Goals

Design Contraints and Feature Requirements

Obtaining Information

Matt and Jason will act as the project supervisors who are in direct contact with the stakeholder (Unitrans). To obtain information from the stakeholder or to find out information that isn't discoverable in your research you will ask your questions through Piazza. Your questions need to be professional, clearly communicated, and pointed. They should be written in format, tone, language that you'd expect to see in professional communication. With good questions we will provide you with the needed information to clarify the details. But, keep in mind that there may not always be an answer and it is up to your team to make the best decisions with the available information. Ask early and often!

Activities

Monday, November 2nd

We will use the class period to introduce the project and begin the ideation process. After the introduction, you will join your team members to start developing your design ideas. We will follow this process:

Question Generation (5 minutes)
Individually, on sticky notes, write down as many questions as you can think of that will need to be answered to complete your design. Stick these notes onto the wall by your team so every one can see them.
Question review (5 minutes)
Read your teammates questions quickly to get an idea of what everyone is thinking about.
Question Grouping (5 minutes)
Pick 3-5 broad topic areas and group the questions into these topics. Eliminate duplicates by combining them into one question.
Design Ideation Sketching (5 minutes)
At this point you will each go to the sheets of white paper on the walls and sketch a design independently. Leave room for two sketches per person.
Design Sketching Modifications (5 minutes)
Next rotate positions so that you are in front of a teammate's design. Below the teammate's design, add, subtract, or modify their design to create a new design.
Design Review and Discussion (10 minutes)
Now discuss the merits of each design idea. Add new questions and refine the previous ones that will need to be determined to make decisions about each design's merits.

Tuesday, November 3rd, 11 AM

At least one team member will visit the Unitrans maintenance facility on campus to meet with Andrew Wyly, the Maintenance Manager. You will have the opportunity to ask many of the questions developed during the ideation session and inspect the bus for technical details. Be sure to bring a camera and a measuring device. This may be your only chance to inspect the actual bus in detail.

Location: http://campusmap.ucdavis.edu/?b=173

Friday, November 20

If time permits we will have a TBA activity for project 2 during discussion.

Friday, December 4th

During the discussion period each team will have a five minute lightning talk to pitch their design to the rest of the class and judges. Your goal is to show why your design meets all of the requirements and why it would be the best choice. You can use any kind of communication media that you want, e.g. the board, projector, handouts, etc. Your goal is communicate your technical information as clearly and succinctly as possible. Think carefully about the mediums you use to do this.

Reports

You will create four memos that culminate in a final report. The reports will all be turned in as PDFs to Smartsite on the respective due date. Each memo should stand on its own and you will be able to use the content as a base to develop the final report.

Memos

The memos are at most one page. The formatting is not strict, but they should be professional. Use these to report the required progress and to act as drafts for your final report sections. The more you put into these this less work you'll need when preparing the final report.

Plan and Ideation (Friday, November 6)

This report should show your team's plan of execution with action items, milestones with dates, and projected team task assignments. Furthermore, you should report on the current state of the design, what questions you've found answers for and the plans for utilizing that information, and the top design concepts you will pursue.

Initial Design (Friday, November 13)

This report should detail the primary concept that your team has selected to pursue. You should at least have back-of-the-envelope calculations, drawings, and other items in place that gives confidence that your design will likely meet the requirements and hold up to more scrutinous analyses.

  • Ideally pick one main one to start with that you can iterate, but you can mention multiple design ideas that you haven't chosen yet.
  • Should have some graphical elements that communicate your design.
  • Explanation of how your design will meet core requirements and what other features your are adding.
  • Thoughts on material choices.
  • What will be the most likely weak spots for failure and what analysis you will likely need to use.

Static Failure (Friday, November 20)

The static failure memo will need to show that your design will have a sufficient safety factor for static loads.

  • Identify the elements with the highest stresses due to static loadings.
  • Requirement: 250 lb standing on end of rack, but you need to locate other unique failure points in your design too.
  • Show individual factor of safety for critical points (hand calcs required, FEA can be used to support your conclusions)
  • Report the overall factor of safety for the design.
  • Justify your material and geometry choices.
  • Explanations on what you may need to redesign to make it safer: material choice, geometry changes, etc.

Dynamic Failure (Wednesday December 2)

The dynamic failure memo will need to show that your your design will have a sufficient safety factor for dynamic loads.

  • Where are the largest stresses seen from dynamic loads?
  • How did you estimate the max and min stresses for the critical areas?
  • What fatigue material properties did you obtain for your material choices?
  • What magnitude of fatigue stresses are seen?
  • What factor of safety do you find for fatigue?

Final Report

The final report in PDF format will be due via Smartsite by midnight Sunday, December 6th.

General Format

  • The report should fit on 8.5" x 11" sheets of paper[2]_.
  • All margins should be 1".
  • The font of main text should be 11 pt Arial.
  • Number and caption all figures and tables.
  • The font size in captions can be 10 pt.
  • Include page numbers on every sheet.
  • Equations should be numbered and rendered as proper mathematical notation.
  • Any citation style is permitted.
[2]Be sure to scale layout drawings correctly.

Title Page

The title page should include the title, authors, team name, date, course number, and an abstract (~150 words).

Table of Contents

The second page(s) of your report should include a table of contents, list of figures, and list of tables showing a title and page number for all items.

Content Sections

The main content of the report should not exceed 6 pages. The content should cover, but not be limited to, these topics:

Introduction
Provide the reader with the premise and motivation along with describing what the reader should expect to learn by reading the report.
Design Description
This should provide a description of the design need, concept, operation, weaknesses/strengths, etc.
Analysis
This section should explain the results of the analyses you used to ensure your design meets the constraints and requirements.
Manufacturing
This section should provide the estimates and explanations of manufacturability including costs.
Conclusion
The conclusion should wrap up your paper and can mention lessons learned and ideas for the future.

References

All text and materials in the paper that were not created by your team must be cited here. Be sure to up-hold copyright laws on any included material. Use any citation style that you prefer that fully communicates the reference.

Appendices

The appendices can be any length and contain details that don't belong in the main text. This should include layout drawings, 3D renderings, detailed calculations, big tables, etc. Basically, anything that takes attention away from the main points but provides the details that back them up should go in the appendices.

Lightning Talk

Your team will have 5 minutes to pitch your design. The talk will be followed by 1 minute of questions while the next team sets up. The intended audience for your pitch will be engineering management and a potential purchaser of the product, so adjust your content appropriately. You should touch on the design features, analyses for failure, manufacturing and cost, etc.

Suggestion:

Notes

Grading

The individual grade for the final project will be broken up as such:

Plan Memo 5%
Initial Memo 5%
Static Failure Memo 5%
Dynamic Failure Memo 5%
Peer Evaluations 10%
Lightning Talk 10%
Final Report 60%

Sample grading items

  • overall geometry and configuration
  • load analysis
  • determination of critical load areas
  • maximum stress locations
  • cross-sectional geometry
  • material selection
  • design theory selection and justification
  • selection of safety factor
  • design theory application
  • manufacturing and assembly
  • constraints achieved
  • suggestions on how to improve the design
  • suggestions on how to improve the validation of the design
  • written and graphical design communication
  • team work
  • utilization of tools and theory from your courses
  • deflection analysis